The convergence of forefront technologies in the design of laccase-based biosensors - An update

We present a synopsis of 90 references on the last trends in electrochemical laccase-based biosensors and highlight how forefront technologies have prompted the development of smarter biosensors boosting their applications in agro-environmental and biomedical fields. This review updates a previous one published by Rodríguez-Delgado and co-workers in Trends in Analytical Chemistry 74 (2015) 21-45 and covers the research advances over the period between 2015 and 2019. In particular, a general overview on laccase structure and function is reported emphasizing its electrochemistry features as suitable bioreceptor for electrochemical devices. Then, we describe how crosscutting technologies like nanotechnology, material science, and immobilisation strategies can help to enhance the analytical performances of laccase-based biosensors.