Periphaneia e pistis tês katalêpseôs. La risposta neostoica a Carneade

The study aims to show that the Stoic classification of phantasiai is not presented in a uniform manner in ancient sources and that the differences could be explained as interventions or changes introduced by more recent Stoics, in light of the need to respond to Carneades' polemic against the Stoic criterion of truth. From this point of view, it will be shown, in particular, that the extensive classification of Stoic phantasiai reported by Sextus Empiricus (M 7. 242-252) represents an attempt, on the part of the neoteroi, to make room in Stoic epistemology for pithanotes, which had played a central role for Carneades. At the same time, these Stoics made sure to deprive the pithanotes of any epistemic autonomy so as to render it totally dependent on truth and katalepsis.