Preserving archaeological heritages from flood hazard: use of 3D geological models as a base for conceptual hydrogeological scheme in the area of the Coliseum (Rome)

Historical city centers must often deal with problems related to the preservation of archaeological heritages from natural risks. The case study lies in the historical center of Rome, in the area of the Anphitheatrum Flavium (Coliseum), the most important testament of the Roman Empire hosting the highest number of annual visitors in Italy (6.5 Mln during 2016). Such high touristic flow is responsible for a raising of exposition to hazards such as floodings and, consequently, an increase of the total risk. During the last years, the Central Archaeological Area of Rome experienced many flooding cases, due to intense storm events (Di Salvo et al., 2018). During the 10/20th/2011 storm, Floodwater elevation in the Coliseum reached 6 m from the ground of the hypogea. The comprehension of surface water-groundwater dynamics together with the anthropic modification of the hydraulic system is fundamental for understanding of flood mechanism e planning mitigation actions.