Bogoliubov-Cerenkov radiation in a Bose-Einstein condensate flowing against an obstacle

We study the density modulation that appears in a Bose-Einstein condensate flowing with supersonic velocity against an obstacle. The experimental density profiles observed at JILA are reproduced by a numerical integration of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation and then interpreted in terms of Cerenkov emission of Bogoliubov excitations by the defect. The phonon and the single-particle regions of the Bogoliubov spectrum are, respectively, responsible for a conical wave front and a fan-shaped series of precursors.