A reply to the comment on "control of bovine mastitis in the 21st century: Immunize or tolerize?" by Fernando N. Souza and co-workers

There is strong evidence of a microbiome in bovine milk. The milk microbiome demands tolerance to dwelling bacterial species. Bovine udder is poised to a non-inflammatory control of bacterial pathogens. The IgA response can underlie effective mucosal immunization. Immunostimulation and reduced metabolic stress are useful complements.