External Representations in Arithmetic Problem Solving

We discuss the role of external representations in arithmetic problem solving activities in elementary school (age 6-11). The analysis is made by referring to a curricular project which emphasizes the relationship between achieving arithmetic competencies and solving problems. First we analyse the role and the components of external representation in a pen-and-paper environment, then we discuss different characteristics and impact of using repre¬sentations for arithmetic problem solving in a hypermedia environment.