(S)-Nitroxycarnitine nitrate production from (S)-carnitine by using acetic anhydride/nitric acid/acetic acid mixtures: safety assessment

The present work aims at assessing both thermodynamic and kinetic parameters of the esterification process of the (S)-carnitine, using calorimetric techniques. The use of the system acetic anhydride/nitric acid/acetic acid as esterifying agent and the explosive behaviour of nitric esters lead to safety considerations that have been investigated by hypothesizing some common process deviations. In particular, it has been investigated in adiabatic conditions both the batch addition of acetic anhydride and the effect of an initial temperature higher than those required by the process. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.