Sulfonamide inhibition studies of the gamma-carbonic anhydrase from the Antarctic cyanobacterium Nostoc commune

A carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) belonging to the gamma-class has been cloned, purified and characterized from the Antarctic cyanobacterium Nostoc commune. The enzyme showed a good catalytic activity for the physiologic reaction (hydration of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate and a proton) with the following kinetic parameters, k(cat) of 9.5 x 10(5) s(-1) and k(cat)/K-M of 8.3 x 10(7) M-1 s(-1), being the gamma-CA with the highest catalytic activity described so far. A range of aromatic/heterocyclic sulfonamides and one sulfamate were investigated as inhibitors of the new enzyme, denominated here NcoCA. The best NcoCA inhibitors were some sulfonylated sulfanilamide derivatives possessing elongated molecules, aminobenzolamide, acetazolamide, benzolamide, dorzolamide, brinzolamide and topiramate, which showed inhibition constants in the range of 40.3-92.3 nM. As 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RubisCO) and gamma-CAs are closely associated in carboxysomes of cyanobacteria for enhancing the affinity of RubisCO for CO2 and the efficiency of photosynthesis, investigation of this new enzyme and its affinity for modulators of its activity may bring new insights in these crucial processes. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.