Conclusively Addressing the CoPc Electronic Structure: A Joint Gas-Phase and Solid-State Photoemission and Absorption Spectroscopy Study

The occupied and empty densities of states of cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc) were investigated by photoelectron and X-ray absorption spectroscopies in the gas phase and in thin films deposited on a Au(111) surface. The comparison between the gas-phase results and density functional theory single-molecule simulations confirmed that the CoPc ground state is correctly described by the 2 A 1g electronic configuration. Moreover, photon-energy-dependent valence photoemission spectra of both the gas phase and thin film confirmed the atomic character of the highest occupied molecular orbital as being derived from the organic ligand, with dominant contributions from the carbon atoms. Multiplet ligand-field theory was employed to simulate the Co L-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy results.