Order of ^[6]Ti⁴⁺ in a Ti-rich calcium amphibole from Kaersut, Greenland: a combined X-ray and neutron diffraction study

In order to characterize the role of Ti in the crystal structure of calcium amphiboles with high or even dominant oxo-component, the crystal structure of a Ti-rich calcium amphibole from a gabbro at Kaersut, Greenland, has been refined with single-crystal MoK? X-ray intensity data to an R1(F) index of ~0.025, and with single-crystal Laue neutron intensity data to an R1(F) index of ~0.053. The crystal used for X-ray structure refinement was characterized by electron- and ion-microprobe analysis. The site populations of the C-group cations Mg, Fe and Ti were calculated from the refined site-scattering values for the M(1), M(2) and M(3) sites derived by both X-ray and neutron diffraction. Ti is distributed among all the three sixfold coordinated M sites, with a strong preference for the M(1) and M(3) sites, where its main role is maintaining electroneutrality at the deprotonated O(3) site. The pattern of distortion of the M(1), M(2) and M(3) octahedra differs from that in F-free deprotonated or partly deprotonated amphiboles, where Ti4+ does not occur at the M(3) site. The neutron structure refinement provides also a clear picture of the environment of the proton, anisotropic displacement behaviour and potential hydrogen-bonding arrangements. A trifurcated hydrogen-bonding configuration has been identified, with two O(6) and one O(7) oxygen atoms as acceptors of weak hydrogen-bonds.