Conventional and novel measurement systems for sub-23 nm particles emitted by SI engine fueled with low formation particulate fuels

The paper aims to evaluate the capabilities of consolidated technique and of a novel system on the measurement of sub-23 nm particles. Moreover, the impact of ethanol both pure and in blend on their emissions was analyzed. The investigation was carried out on small displacement PFI and DI SI engines fueled with gasoline, ethanol and blend of ethanol in gasoline. The investigation was performed through an EEPS coupled with a PMP compliant system, a well-consolidated procedure for the particle measurement, and a new developed system, HM-DMA, developed within the European project Sureal-23, coupled to a single diluter were used.