A high-performance, bifunctional oxygen electrode catalysed with palladium and nickel-iron hexacyanoferrate

The development of air-breathing cathodes, which utilise atmospheric oxygen, enables the construction of lightweight, high energy density metal-air batteries and fuel cells. Air electrodes can be very lightweight and thin because the active material, oxygen, does not need to be stored inside the cell. However, air electrodes are restricted by poor reaction kinetics and low activity of many catalysts towards the oxygen evolution and reduction reactions. In addition, it is a challenge to maintain chemical and mechanical stability of the catalyst and supporting materials at oxidising currents under the strong alkaline conditions commonly used, and under gas evolution. This paper reports a novel bifunctional oxygen electrode with remarkable stability, able to perform at current densities up to 1,000 mA cm2 and withstand 3,000 cycles continuously. The electrode is catalysed by a mixture of Pd/C and mixed nickeliron hexocyanoferrate, which have high activities towards the ORR and OER reactions, respectively.