vaccination with (1-11) E2 in alum efficiently induces an antibody response to b-amyloid and microglia activation in 3xTg mice

Immunization against ?-amyloid (A?) is pursued as a possible strategy for the prevention of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In clinical trials, A? 1-42 proved poorly immunogenic and caused severe adverse effects; therefore, safer and more immunogenic candidate vaccines are needed. Multimeric protein (1-11)E2 is able to induce an antibody response to A?, immunological memory, and IL-4 production, with no concomitant anti-A? T cell response. Antisera recognize A? oligomers, protofibrils, and fibrils. In this study, we evaluated the effect of prophylactic immunization with three doses of (1-11)E2 in alum in the 3xTg mouse model of AD. Immunization with (1-11)E2 efficiently induced anti-A? antibodies, but afforded no protection against A? accumulation and neuroinflammation. The identification of the features of the anti-A? immune response that correlate with the ability to prevent A? accumulation remains an open problem that deserves further investigation