Shuttle-box avoidance learning in mice: improvement by glucose combined with stimulant drugs.

Glucose was tested alone or in combination with two stimulant drugs, amphetamine and nicotine, in mice of the CD-1 strain subjected to five daily shuttle-box training sessions. Pretraining intraperitoneal administration of glucose (50 or 100 mg/kg) had no effect, while amphetamine and nicotine, given alone, significantly improved avoidance acquisition at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg, but not 0.025 mg/kg. Significant improvement of avoidance learning was also produced by a combination of glucose with the lower dose of amphetamine or nicotine. This enhancing action, produced by a combination of glucose and stimulant drugs, at doses ineffective by themselves, might be due to a concomitant cholinergic and dopaminergic activation, induced by glucose and stimulant drugs, respectively.