Additive manufacturing and technical strategies for improving outcomes in breast reconstructive surgery

It has been widely reported that breast reconstruction improves the quality of life of women who undergo mastectomy for breast cancer. This approach provides many psychological advantages. Today, different techniques are available for the breast oncoplastic surgeon that involve the use of breast implants and autologous tissues, also offering interesting results in terms of aesthetic and patient-reported outcomes. On the other hand, advanced technologies and design strategies (i.e. design for additive manufacturing, reverse engineering) may allow the development of customised porous structures with tailored morphological, mechanical, biological, and mass transport properties. For this reason, the current study deals with the challenges, principles, and methods of developing 3D additive manufactured structures in breast reconstructive surgery. Specifically, the aim was to design 3D additive manufactured poly(?-caprolactone) scaffolds with different architectures (i.e. lay-down patterns). Preliminary mechanical and biological analyses have shown the effect of the lay-down pattern on the performances of the manufactured structures.