Usability study of a vineyard teleoperation compost spreader

Teleoperation has been widely applied in modern industry because of a variety of advantages, such as providing replaceable surrogates for humans in dangerous or difficult working environments over long distances. In this paper, a usability evaluation study of a teleoperation system for a compost spreader robotic machine is presented. The machine has been designed for the application of compost in small and stepping parcels of hilly vineyards. Driving and working tasks can be controlled remotely by a portable piloting unit, that reduces the risk for the operator in the event of overturning of the machine. Participants of the study were asked to perform a series of tasks and sub-tasks and to explain what they were thinking about while working with the machine. The tasks were designed to simulate typical user experience. Once all the tasks were accomplished each participant was asked to fill a questionnaire. The evaluation considered aspects such as learnability, ease of use, understandability, controllability, frustration, mental effort, distraction, clarity of presentation, perceived usefulness, temporal efficiency and aesthetic. Results show that usability evaluation helped detecting design deficiencies in the teleoperated compost spreader machine.