Legal and ethical state of the art of artificial intelligence in medicine

This essay will give an overview of the state of the art on what Artificial Intelligence (AI) is, how it is already applied in the healthcare sector and the ethical and legal issues related to AI in the above-mentioned sector. Starting from the explanation of what AI is and the machine learning use in medicine, we give an overview of the AI application in medicine with a specific focus on the use of Artificial Intelligence in the COVID-19 fight. The second part of the paper examines some of the primary ethical challenges, such as human rights and access to AI, confidentiality, informed consent, safety, transparency, unfairness, biases, privacy, and data governance. Lastly, we pose an analysis of the main legal challenges and in particular civil liability, implementation, privacy, and data protection.