Enhancing Hot Carrier Collection for Solar Water Splitting with Plasmonic Titanium Nitride

The use of hot electrons generated from the decay of surface plasmons is a new paradigm to increase the conversion yield in solar energy technologies. Titanium nitride (TiN) is an emerging plasmonic ceramic that offers compatibility with CMOS technology, corrosion resistance, as well as mechanical strength and durability thus outperforming noble metals (i.e., Au, Ag) in terms of cost, mechanical, chemical and thermal stability. Here, we show that plasmonic TiN nanoparticles produce 25% higher photocurrent enhancement than Au nanoparticles decorated on TiO2 nanowires for photoelectrochemical water splitting. Our results highlight that TiN offers superior performance in hot carrier generation due to enhanced absorption efficiency, increased electron mean free path, and the ability to form an Ohmic junction with TiO2, thus enabling an extremely efficient electron collection not achievable with plasmonic Au nanoparticles. Our findings show that transition metal nitrides enable practical plasmonic devices with enhanced performance for solar energy conversion.