Fully Automatic Multispectral MR Image Segmentation of Prostate Gland Based on the Fuzzy C-Means Clustering Algorithm

Prostate imaging is a very critical issue in the clinical practice, especially for diagnosis, therapy, and staging of prostate cancer. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) can provide both morphologic and complementary functional information of tumor region. Manual detection and segmentation of prostate gland and carcinoma on multispectral MRI data is not easily practicable in the clinical routine because of the excessive time required by experienced radiologists to analyze several types of imaging data. In this paper a fully automatic image segmentation method, based on the unsupervised Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) clustering algorithm for multispectral T1-weighted and T2-weighted MRI data processing, is proposed. This approach enables prostate segmentation and automatic gland volume calculation. Segmentation trials have been performed on a dataset composed of 7 patients affected by prostate cancer, using both area-based and distance-based metrics for its evaluation. The following average values have been obtained: DSI=89.19, JI=81.99, SE=92.90, SP=87.66, MAD=3.511 MAXD=10.450, HD=4.211.