Chaos, transport and diffusion

This chapter presents basic elements of chaotic dynamical system theory. The concept of Lyapunov exponent, predictability time and Lagrangian chaos are introduced together with examples. The second part is devoted to the discussion of Lagrangian chaos, in particular in two dimensions, and its relation with Eulerian properties of the flow. The last part of the chapter contains an introduction to diffusion and transport processes, with particular emphasis on the treatment of non-ideal cases.