Molecular targets of omega-3 fatty acids for cancer therapy

Nowadays, dietary guidelines acknowledge the therapeutic role of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, as the most important class of fatty acids, against different human diseases. During the last two decades, the average level of consumption of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids has increased from 0.1 to 0.2 g per day. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are a group of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids which are identified in different foods such as fatty fish, shellfish, and vegetable oils. A growing body of epidemiological and experimental evidence supports the anticancer effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, which led to the identification of their molecular targets in several cancer models. The present review focuses on the basic evidence supporting the potential applications of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in cancer therapy.