The Green-Vehicle Routing Problem: A Survey

In recent years, we have witnessed a dramatic rise of pollution levels in many areas of the world. Even if several green initiatives have been made in order to preserve and restore the environment, several nations do not respect their air quality standards. Due to the major impact that traffic has on air quality, the need to provide sustainable transportation plans is the main objective of many countries. We present a survey of the main contributions related to the green-vehicle routing problem (G-VRP). The G-VRP is a variant of the well-known vehicle routing problem, which takes into account the environmental sustainability in freight transportation. The main objective is to provide an up-to-date classification of the G-VRP variants presented in literature and discuss the proposed solution approaches.