Porcupines in Italian islands: update on the distribution of Hystrix cristata in Sardinia

In the last few decades, the crested porcupine (Hystrix cristata L., 1758) showed a remarkable range expansion in Italy, due to legal protection, climatic change and antropochorous releases. Particularly, porcupines have been released also in Sardinia, with first records of this large rodent in the wild dating back to 2005. Historical and social factors related to the progressive urbanization and the consequent abandonment of the traditional land use in mountain landscapes probably helped the re-expansion of forest, uncultivated fields and of animal's species associated with these habitats. In Sardinia, a population establishment and a subsequent expansion of the area of distribution can be predicted as large portions of the island are highly suitable for the crested porcupine. Therefore, this recently introduced population should be removed to limit potential ecological and social conflicts.