Anisotropies of the cosmic microwave background

We review the present status of Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) anisotropy observations and discuss the main related astrophysical issues, instrumental effects and data analysis techniques. We summarise the balloon-borne and ground-based experiments that, after COBE-DMR, yielded detection or significant upper limits to CMB fluctuations. A comparison of subsets of combined data indicates that the acoustic features observed today in the angular power spectrum are not dominated by undetected systematics. Pushing the accuracy of CMB anisotropy measurements to their ultimate limits represents one of the best opportunities for cosmology to develop into a precision science in the next decade. We discuss the forthcoming sub-orbital and space programs, as well as future prospects of CMB observations.