The Upper Pleistocene-Holocene fluvial deposits of the Tiber River in Rome (Italy): Lithofacies, geometries, stacking pattern and chronology

The Tiber is the second largest river in Italy having a catchment extended about 17,000 km2. It began to develop since the Late Pliocene-Early Pleistocene times (Mancini and Cavinato, 2005, with references) and runs along the western flank of the Apennines crossing several extensional tectono-sedimentary basins of Neogene- Quaternary age. The lower reach of the Tiber system is comprised in the Roman Basin where, since the latest Early Pleistocene (approximately 1.0 Ma), formed a complex stack of multiple incised valleys (Milli, 1997; Milli et al., 2008; 2013) which includes mixed bedrockalluvial, coastal plain and shelf segments. This system records the fluvial responses to the complex interplay among the Late Quaternary glacio-eustatic sea level fluctuations, the local volcanic activity of the Sabatini Mts and Albani Hills complexes, the regional uplift of the Apennines, the ultimate extensional tectonic activity, and the sediment input from upper catchment areas.