Tuning the immune system by nanoparticle-biomolecular corona

Nanotechnology has a great potential to revolutionize the landscape of medicine, but an inadequateunderstanding of the nanomaterial-biological (nano-bio) interface hampers its ultimate clinicaltranslation. Surface attachment of biomolecules provides a new biological identity of nanoparticles thatplays a crucial rolein vivoas it can activate the immune system triggering inflammatory responses,clearance from the body, and cellular toxicity. In this review, we summarize and critically analyzeprogress in understanding the relationship between the biological identity of nanoparticles and immunesystem activation. Accordingly, we discuss the implications of biomolecular corona on nanotoxicity,immune safety, and biocompatibility. We also highlight a perspective on engineering the biologicalidentity of nanoparticles for modulating immunological responses.