A multimolecular signaling complex including PrPC and LRP1 is strictly dependent on lipid rafts and is essential for the function of tissue plasminogen activator

Prion protein (PrP) localizes stably in lipid rafts microdomains and is able to recruit downstream signal transduction pathways by the interaction with promiscuous partners. Other proteins have the ability to occasionally be recruited to these specialized membrane areas, within multimolecular complexes. Among these, we highlight the presence of the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1), which was found localized transiently in lipid rafts, suggesting a different function of this receptor that through lipid raft becomes able to activate a signal transduction pathway triggered by specific ligands, including Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). Since it has been reported that PrP participates in the tPA-mediated plasminogen activation, in this study, we describe the role of lipid rafts in the recruitment and activation of downstream signal transduction pathways mediated by the interaction among tPA, PrP and LRP1 in human neuroblastoma SK-N-BE2 cell line. Co-immunoprecipitation analysis reveals a consistent association between PrP and GM1, as well as between LRP1 and GM1, indicating the existence of a glycosphingolipid-enriched multimolecular complex. In our cell model, knocking-down PrP by siRNA impairs ERK phosphorylation induced by tPA. Moreover the alteration of the lipidic milieu of lipid rafts, perturbing the physical/functional interaction between PrP and LRP1, inhibits this response. We show that LRP1 and PrP, following tPA stimulation, may function as a system associated with lipid rafts, involved in receptor-mediated neuritogenic pathway. We suggest this as a multimolecular signaling complex, whose activity depends strictly on the integrity of lipid raft and is involved in the neuritogenic signaling. (Figure presented.).