CHEMICAL REACTIONS AT VERY HIGH PRESSURE

I. Introduction II. High-Pressure Technical Survey A. The Piston-Cylinder Device B. The Opposed-Anvil Devices C. Multianvil Devices D. The Diamond Anvil Cell E. High- and Low-Temperature Techniques F. Dynamic Techniques: Shock Waves G. Pressure Measurement III. Fundamentals A. Effect of Pressure on Chemical Equilibria B. Effect of Pressure on Reaction Rates C. Effects of High Pressure on the Electronic Structure D. Environmental and Steric Effects at High Pressure IV. Reactions at Very High Pressure A. Molecular Systems 1. Diatomics and Triatomics 2. Hydrocarbons 3. Fullerenes 4. Hydrocarbons in Geosciences 5. Chemical Reactions of Explosives 6. Piezochromism B. Superhard Materials 1. Synthesis of Diamond 2. Ultrahard Materials of the B-C-N-O Group V. Summary and Conclusions References