Analogue models of an Early Cenozoic transpressive regime in southern Mexico: Implications on the evolution of the Xolapa complex and the North American-Caribbean plate boundary

We present analogue models that illustrate the tectonic evolution of the continental margin of southwestern Mexico and the Early Cenozoic deformation of the Xolapa complex. Together with geological data they suggest that oblique convergence caused distributed deformation and mountain building near the present-day margin of southern Mexico in a general left-lateral transpressional regime. A similar deformation is also observed north of the Xolapa complex in Maastrichtian to Paleocene sedimentary and volcanic rock units. Since post-Oligocene exhumation of middle crust does not significantly affect Late Eocene to Oligocene volcanic rocks, we infer that the evolution of the transform margin led to the formation of discrete boundaries that eventually decoupled exhumed mid-lower crust from the onshore upper-crust sequences since the Late Eocene.