Genomic Designing for Biotic Stress Resistant Grapevine

"Viticulture and winemaking are largely recognizedworldwide, having a strong socioeconomic role for many countries.It is therefore even more important to develop ad hoc grapevine ideotypes, capable of also leading to more competitive (niche) products and by-products. To achieve this, traditional genetic improvement-which has always operated at the service of the germplasm enhancement-is no longer sufficient and it has to make use of genetics and genomics tools, integrated with information from other 'omic disciplines. Genetics is already supporting the classical genetic improvement through marker-assisted breeding (MAB). Indeed, genomics-assisted breeding (GAB) is still in its infancy but is a promising direction. Traditional breeding will be supported by re-sequenced germplasm repositories and numerous fully haplophased genome assemblies due to improved sequencing technologies and datamining (bioinformatics) approaches. The concept of "Breeding by Design"will become increasingly important as the full range of loci impacting important traits are identified, and as variability at each locus is better understood. In parallel, to overcome the genetic transformation limiting factors and issues, the novel technologies of genome or tailored gene editing offer new opportunities to be scouted and exploited towards the establishment of resistances to grapevine biotic stresses."