Exopolysaccharides from prokaryotic microorganisms - promising sources for white biotechnology processes

Exopolysaccharides synthesized by microorganisms suggest unique properties and advantages in their exploration and are an attractive alternative of plant, algal and synthetic polysaccharides. They are produced in large scale environmentally friendly fermentations; their non-toxicity and biodegradability suggest their exploration in variety of white biotechnology processes leading to resolving of ecological problems. Although the large number of new polymers was described in last decades, still their capacity for utilization is underestimated underestimating. An objective of this chapter article is to provide basic information on the chemical structure of prokaryotic EPS; their physiological roles in the cell; mechanisms for their synthesis and genetic approach for improving the yield and modification of EPS; functional properties and applications of commercially important EPS in the field of food, agriculture, cosmetics, oil, and medical industries. The prospects for application of new polysaccharides and their potential for commercialization are emphasized.