Fortifications of the late 800's in the Upper Susa Valleys (Italian Cottian Alps): A geo-morphological perspective

In the second part of the 19th century, permanent fortifications were built along the Italia-France border. Their constructions required careful consideration of the orographic and morphologic features of the mountain landscape. In particular, a number of Italian military fortifications were built in the Cesana Torinese area to control the Monginevro pass and its adjoining areas. The most famous is the Chaberton Fort-the highest fort in the Alps-located with offensive scope at the summit of the homonymous mountain. The impressive works for its construction determined a change on the morphology of the top of Mount Chaberton, smoothed and lowered at least of 6 m.