Did ManFor C.BD forest treatments influence diversity and composition of the bird community?

Bird species richness and diversity have been assessed on each project site before and after applied treatments but for Lorenzago di Cadore site, where bird community surveys have been conducted after the first portion of the site has been treated. The effects of different treatments were not considered relevant, due to the small spatial scale. Indeed, the considered effect was 'before' and 'after' applied logging. In addition, the extant study areas have been extended beyond the boundary of the ManFor plot to assess the effects of logging on an area more likeable to represent the whole forest bird community. At two sites (Chiarano and Tarvisio) the plot and the buffer area were different in structure compared to other research plots. The core stand in Chiarano-Sparvera was managed as coppice with standard until early 70's of XX century, when a conversion to even-aged high forest took place in the late 80's. Differently from every other ManFor site, Chiarano-Sparvera it is not embedded into a forest matrix but it is surrounded by primary and secondary grassland and pastures, but for the northern edge. This last one borders a beech stand managed as coppice with standard but heavily exploited in the early-to-mid 80's, where the control sampling points are located as it is the only available portion of forest bordering the ManFor site. Tarvisio site is characterised by a 'subalpine spruce forest' with dense regeneration stands of Norway spruce and silver fir with interspersed beech. The buffer area is characterised mainly by mature conifer stands and beech.