Thermal devolatilization kinetics of dry distiller's grains with solubles (Ddgs)

Dynamic thermogravimetric analysis is applied to investigate the thermal devolatilization of dry distiller's grain with solubles (DDGS), the major by-product of bioethanol plants. Compared with lignocellulosic biomass, the DDGS devolatilization occurs over a much wider temperature range and with slower rates. This reveals complex dynamics attributable to a peculiar chemical composition comprising, in addition to lignocellulose, proteins, starch and other minor components. The evolution of lumped volatile product classes is well described by a five-step reaction mechanism. The numerical solution of the ordinary differential equations together with a minimization of the objective function leads to activation energies invariant with the heating rate. The estimated values of 89, 120, 158, 102 and 113 kJ/mol are, on average, higher than those obtained under oxidative environments but still lower than those typically estimated for wood.