Mathematics and complexity in biological sciences

This special issue continues the tradition of the journal Mathematical Models and Methods in Applied Sciences on the modeling, qualitative analysis, and simulation of complex systems. More precisely, systems of many individuals interacting in a non- linear manner. The previous two special issues were dedicated to the more general framework of mathematics applied to the modeling of complex dynamics in life and human sciences 2;3. This special issue speci¯cally focus on biological systems viewed as living, hence complex, systems.