Fast and slow gating are inherent properties of the K+ channel pore module.

Kcv from the chlorella virus PBCV-1 is a viral protein that forms a tetrameric, functional K+ channel in heterologous systems. Kcv can serve as a model system to study and manipulate basic properties of the K+ channel pore because its minimalistic structure (94 amino acids) produces basic features of ion channels, such as selectivity, gating, and sensitivity to blockers. We present a characterization of Kcv properties at the single-channel level. In symmetric 100 mM K+, single-channel conductance is 114+/-11 pS. Two different voltage-dependent mechanisms are responsible for the gating of Kcv. "Fast" gating, analyzed by beta distributions, is responsible for the negative slope conductance in the single-channel current-voltage curve at extreme potentials, like in MaxiK potassium channels, and can be explained by depletion-aggravated instability of the filter region. The presence of a "slow" gating is revealed by the very low (in the order of 1-4%) mean open probability that is voltage dependent and underlies the time-dependent component of the macroscopic current.