Using the cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome assay to evaluate chromosomal DNA damage in chronic renal patients undergoing bicarbonate haemodialysis and haemodiafiltration

Introduction. Chronic Renal Failure (CRF) patients are considered to show genomic instability and are associated with a high risk of both cardiovascular diseases and cancer. We explored DNA damage due to two dialysis treatments in 20 patients undergoing bicarbonate haemodialysis (BD), 20 undergoing haemodiafiltration (HDF) and 40 healthy subjects. Methods. The cytokinesis-block micronucleus (MN) assay was performed on peripheral blood lymphocytes to evaluate genetic damage. Results. A higher frequency of MN in the dialysis groups compared with controls was found. The results do not show a relationship between genetic instability and the type, frequency and duration of haemodialysis. The average BD and HDF treatment time was respectively 3.8 ± 6.3 and 3.7 ± 3.9 yrs. CAT and scintigraphy was independently correlated with high levels of MN. Conclusions. Overall, the frequency of MN in CRF patients undergoing dialysis therapy was observed to be higher. Further studies need to be performed on a larger number of patients and for a longer period.