Comprehensive control of resistive wall modes in DIII-D advanced tokamak plasmas

The resistive wall mode (RWM) and neoclassical tearing mode (NTM) have been simultaneously suppressed in the DIII-D for durations of over 2 s at beta values 20% above the no-wall limit with modest electron cyclotron current drive and very low plasma rotation. The achieved plasma rotation was significantly lower than reported previously. However, in this regime where stable operation is obtained, it is not unconditionally guaranteed. Various MHD activities, such as edge localized modes (ELMs) and fishbones, begin to couple to the RWM branch near the no-wall limit; feedback has been useful in improving the discharge stability to such perturbations. Simultaneous operation of slow dynamic error field correction and fast feedback suppressed the pile-up of ELM-induced RWM at a series of ELM events. This result implies that successful feedback operation requires not only direct feedback against unstable RWM but also careful control of MHD-induced RWM aftermath, which is the dynamical response to a small-uncorrected error field near the no-wall beta limit. These findings are extremely useful in defining the challenge of control of the RWM and NTM in the unexplored physics territory of burning plasmas in ITER.