Calm-water resistance prediction of a surface-effect ship

The objective of this paper is to numerically predict the calm-water resistance of a surface-effect ship (SES). Two numerical methods are employed: The results are evaluated by comparing with experimental measurements. The first numerical method breaks down the total resistance into the relevant components and models each component separately. The largest contributors to the total drag are the hull frictional drag, the wave drag due to the hull and cushion, and the drag of the seals. The seal drag is particularly significant at lower speeds when they are excessively immersed. The second numerical tool solves the RANS equations for a single-phase fluid. The nonlinear free-surface is captured using a single-phase level set method. In the second procedure, the air-cushion pressure is applied directly to the free-surface in the under-deck region via the dynamic free-surface boundary condition