Lowstand Prograding Wedges as 4th order glacio-eustatic cycles in the Pleistocene continental shelf of Apulia (Southern Italy)

The Salento continental shelf of Apulia (southern Adriatic) shows a complex stratigraphic architecture of Pleistocene prograding wedges that records the effects of the interplay of sediment accumulation, glacio-eustatic sea level changes, and regional tectonics. The interpretation of high-resolution seismic reflection profiles reveals three ravinement surfaces, extending landwards from the shelf break and showing low gradients. They have been considered to be stratigraphic markers and tentatively correlated to the oxygen curves of the isotopic stratigraphy. Even if direct dating of seismic sequences and corresponding unconformities is lacking, the correlation is well supported by the lateral extent and continuity of the ravinement surfaces, recognized in the whole investigated area. Similar qualitative correlation of unconformities with the curves of oxygen-isotope stratigraphy has been already used by other authors in different case histories of continental shelves of both active and passive margins. Moreover, in the study area the regional geological framework suggests that during the Middle Pleistocene the rate of tectonic uplift interacted with the rate of glacio-eustatic fluctuations, producing the deposition of forced-regression systems tracts. The forced regression prograding wedge that enlarged the shelf by about fifteen kilometers is here dated as Middle Pleistocene. Starting from the upper part of the Middle Pleistocene, the stratigraphic architecture of the prograding wedges was controlled mainly by glacio-eustatic sea level changes forced by short eccentricity cycles. This is suggested by the stratigraphic architecture of the last two prograding wedges, interpreted as incomplete fourth-order depositional sequences and consisting of forced-regression, lowstand and transgressive system tracts. The eustatic signal as an expression of the Earth's orbital cyclicity (short eccentricity) appears overwhelming with respect to the tectonic one and its prominwence suggests a decrease in the rate of uplift of the Apulian foreland during the last 250 ky.