Could IL-33 play a role in peach allergic patients?

Background: Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is a member of the IL-1 cytokine family and excessive and/or inappropriate production of IL-33 is considered to be involved in the development of various disorders, such as allergic and autoimmune diseases. In this study, we've measured and compared the serum levels of IL-33 in peach allergic patients, in allergic peach negative patients and normal controls. Method: Measurement of sIgE anti-rPru p1, anti-rPru p3, anti-rPru p 4 and IL-33 was done in the serum of 53 control patients, 68 allergic peach negative patients and 47 peach allergic patients. Within this group, the presence of rhinitis and/or asthma were also evaluated. Results: All peach allergic patients were positive to SPT to peach allergen and to specific IgE to Pru p3. None of them were positive to specific IgE to Pru p1 and/or to Pru p4. All allergic patients and control patients were negative to SPT and specific IgE to all peach allergens. Serum levels of IL-33 were significantly higher in peach allergic (p< 0.0002) as well as in allergic peach negative patients (p< 0.0002) when compared to normal controls (median 38.18). In peach allergic patients, serum levels of IL-33 (median 448.3) were significantly higher compared with allergic peach negative patients (median 158.7; p< 0.02). A significantly difference (p< 0.0001) was found between allergic patients Pru p3 negative with rhinitis/asthma (median 160.2) and peach allergic patients without rhinitis/asthma (median 799). Conclusion: IL 33 seems to be an important role in the development of peach food allergy.