Air-Processed Infrared-Annealed Printed Methylammonium-Free Perovskite Solar Cells and Modules Incorporating Potassium-Doped Graphene Oxide as an Interlayer

The use of solution processes to fabricate Perovskite Solar Cells (PSCs) represents a winning strategy to reduce capital expenditure, increase the throughput and allow for process flexibility needed to adapt PVs to new applications. However, the typical fabrication process for PSC development to date is performed in inert atmosphere (nitrogen), usually in a Glovebox, hampering the industrial scale up. In this work, we demonstrate, for the first time, the use of Double Cation Perovskite (forsaking the unstable MA cation) processed in ambient air by employing potassium doped graphene oxide (GO-K) as interlayer, between the mesoporous TiO2 and the perovskite layer and by using infrared annealing (IRA). We upscaled the device active area from 0.09cm2 to 16cm2 by blade-coating the perovskite layer, exhibiting a PCE of 18.3% and 16.10% for 0.1 and 16cm2 active area devices, respectively. We demonstrated how efficiency and stability of MA-free based perovskite deposition in air have been improved by employing GO-K and IRA.