Ice-templated geopolymer--Fe/Mn oxide composites conceived as oxygen carriers

Ice-templating (freeze-casting) technique was applied to a novel class of geopolymer composites containing Fe/Mn oxides, previously tested and reported in others works as synthetic oxygen carriers for chemical looping combustion (CLC), in order to obtain composite monoliths with lamellar macro-porosities by unidirectional freezing of water-based sol-gel systems. Geopolymer-Fe/Mn oxides composites carriers were also produced as beads, suitable for fixed bed reactors, by an injection-solidification method in liquid nitrogen. After conditioning at 900 C, the temperature needed for CLC applications, the composite beads and monoliths possess similar total porosity % and total pore volume, being 65% and 570 mm3 g?1, respectively, as well as a specific surface area of around 2.4-2.9 m2/g.