"Garnishing" the photosynthetic bacterial reaction center for bioelectronics

The photosynthetic reaction center is an extraordinarily efficient natural photoconverter, which can be ideally used in combination with conducting or semiconducting interfaces to produce electrical signals in response to absorption of photons. The actual applicability of this protein in bioelectronic devices critically depends on the finding of (a) suitable deposition methods enabling controlled addressing and precise orientation of the protein on electrode interfaces and (b) chemical manipulation protocols able to tune and enhance protein light absorption in specific or broader spectral regions. Literature reports several examples of approaches to fulfill these requirements, which have faced in different ways the fundamental issues of assembling the biological component and non-natural systems, such as electrode surfaces and artificial light harvesting components. Here we present a short overview of the main methods reported to accomplish both the objectives by properly "garnishing" the photosynthetic reaction center (RC) via chemical modifications.