The effects of bora wind on physical and biogeochemical properties of stratified waters in the northern Adriatic

Wind forcing plays a key role in controlling the water column structure and circulation in the northern Adriatic Sea. Through shipboard observations and numerical modeling, we have documented the changing of oceanographic features before, during and after a sequence of cold northeasterly bora wind pulses that occurred during stratified conditions in late September 2002. High resolution meteorological, hydrodynamic and wave models outputs were related to in situ observations of hydrologic parameters, dissolved nutrients and oxygen, suspended matter, biogeochemical properties and phytoplankton. The bora intensified the southward flowing coastal current along the Italian coast, establishing a frontal system that typically exists in winter. The bora also caused complete vertical mixing to 20-25 m in water column, an influx of warm salty water from the south along the Croatian coast and increased resuspension and southward transport of bottom sediments for the combined effects of currents and waves. The effects on the bottom were limited to the western coastal belt as in the deeper central part of the basin hypoxic conditions were present during the whole observing period. During the bora, the concentration of inorganic dissolved nutrients in the bottom water increased, consistently with the release of nutrient from the sediments and with the mineralization processes.Resuspension of bottom layer sediment represents an important source of nutrients for water column in this period. The higher level of nutrients was observed together an increase in phytoplankton biomass, suggesting a potential trigger for the autumnal phytoplankton bloom in the northern Adriatic. Finally, bora events seem to be able to generate a relevant increase of nutrients export from the northern Adriatic trough the intensified Adriatic western coastal current, so they could play a relevant role in the nutrient balance of the basin.