Macroscopic kinetic model for air in nozzle flow

The Two-Level Distribution (TLD) model has been improved for extension to air kinetics. The model is based on the evidence that rate coefficients are strictly correlated to the tail of the vibrational distribution rather than to vibrational temperature. TLD model reproduces, with high accuracy and low computational resources, the results obtained using detailed State-to-State (STS) kinetics. © 2012 American Institute of Physics.