A multiphysics electro-thermo-opto VCSEL simulator

Since the lasing operation of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers results from the interaction of electrical carrier transport, optical and thermal effects, a realistic model should include each of them and their interplay. Aiming to such an achievement, this paper presents our in-house Vcsel Electro-opto-thermal Numerical Simulator VENUS, consisting of the 3D vectorial optical code VELM, a model for the quantum well optical response, a heat equation solver and a quantum-corrected drift-diffusion simulator. Each of these components and their coupling strategy is described, and the resulting model is validated through the comparison with experimental results.