Carbonate hydroxyapatite functionalization: a comparative study towards (bio)molecules fixation

Different methods for the functionalization of carbonate hydroxyapatite granules with free amine groups by reaction with (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES) have been compared in order to improve the potential for tethering of bioactive molecules to bioceramics. The combined use of tetraethoxyorthosilicate and APTES with acid catalysis resulted in an evident increase in amine surface grafting.