Error field locked modes thresholds in rotating plasmas, anomalous braking and spin-up

The mechanisms of nonlinear interaction of external helical fields with a rotating plasma are investigated analyzing the results of recent systematic experiments on the Joint European Torus (JET) [A. Gibson et al., Phys. Plasmas 5, 1839 (1998)] that widen the previous data base collected on Compass-D [T. C. Hender et al., Nucl. Fusion 32, 2091 (1992)], Doublet III-D [R. J. La Haye et al., Nucl. Fusion 32, 2119 (1992)] and JET. The empirical scaling laws governing the onset of ‘‘error field’’ locked modes are re-assessed and interpreted in terms of existing driven reconnection theories and with new models. In particular the important mechanisms of plasma rotation braking, and spin up, associated with error fields are analyzed in detail and interpreted.