Sources of high PM2.5 concentrations in Milan, Northern Italy: Molecular marker data and CMB modelling
Articolo
Data di Pubblicazione:
2012
Abstract:
In Milan (MI), the largest city in Northern Italy, the annually average PM2.5 concentration is above 25?gm-3, the value that the EU established as a target for 2010, and the upper limit from 2015 onwards (2008/30/CE).Over a three-year period (2006-2009) PM concentrations and chemical compositions were measured in an urban site (MI), a rural site (OB) and a remote site (ASC) in Northern Italy. Chemical characterization (EC/OC, inorganic ions, elements, C20-C32 n-alkanes, C2-C5 mono and dicarboxylic acids, levoglucosan and PAHs) was carried out on PM2.5 samples from the three sites, and PM10 from MI.Molecular markers were used in Chemical Mass Balance (CMB) modelling to estimate the contributions of primary sources to OC, and then PM mass from each source was reconstructed in MI, OB and ASC for different seasons. Estimates of the traffic (TR) source contribution to PM2.5 mass ranged from 4.1 (
Tipologia CRIS:
01.01 Articolo in rivista
Keywords:
Molecular marker; PM10; PM2.5; Receptor modelling; Source apportionment; Debris; Paraffins; Particulate emissions; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Particles (particulate matter); alkane derivative; carbon; carboxylic acid derivative; dicarboxylic acid derivative; element; inorganic compound; ion; levoglucosan; molecular marker; natural gas; organic carbon; organic compound; organic matter; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon derivative; sodium chloride; aerosol composition; biomass burning; chemical mass balance; combustion; concentration (composition); natural gas; numerical model; particulate matter; analytic method; article; biomass distribution; chemical analysis; chemical composition; chemical mass balance; combustion; concentration (parameters); controlled study; dust; Italy; particulate matter; priority journal; rural area; seasonal variation; summer; urban area; winter; Air Pollutants; Alkanes; Carboxylic Acids; Chromatography; High Pressure Liquid; Chromatography; Ion Exchange; Cities; Environmental Monitoring; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Glucose; Italy; Models; Chemical; Particulate Matter; Polycyclic Hydrocarbons; Aromatic; Seasons; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Italy; Lombardy; Milan; Milano [Lombardy
Elenco autori:
Gambaro, Andrea; Udisti, Roberto; Zangrando, Roberta
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